HRAC GROUP 1 (LEGACY A) RESISTANT ALEXANDERGRASS
(Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea))

Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Brazil, Paraná

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INTRODUCTION ALEXANDERGRASS Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea)) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Brazil this weed first evolved resistance to Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides in 1997 and infests Soybean.   Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to butroxydim, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 07, 2001 ) Common Name Alexandergrass Species Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea) Group Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A) Herbicides butroxydim, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim Location Brazil, Paraná Year 1997 Situation(s) Soybean Contributors - (Alphabetically) Marcio Adoryan, Pedro Christoffoleti, Marluce Cortez, Gerson Gelmini, Maria Novo, Ricardo Victória, and Ribas Vidal  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE AREAS FOUND Ribas Vidal Guarapuava and Mangueiqinha Edit this Note  |  Add New Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Alexandergrass biotype with this Alexandergrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1 resistant Alexandergrass indicate that the inheritance is determined by a nuclear trait.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 1 (Legacy A) resistant Alexandergrass from Brazil indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 1 (Legacy A) resistant Alexandergrass from Brazil please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS MARCIO ADORYAN Agronomic Solutions Brazil Bayer Cropscience Field Solutions Rod. Doutor Roberto Moreira 5005 – EAE - CEAT Paulinia, 13148-914, São Paulo Brazil Email Marcio Adoryan PEDRO CHRISTOFFOLETI Associate Professor III Universidade de Sao Paulo Crop Science Department ESALQ - USP - LPV - Av. Padua Dias 11 - C. Postal 09 Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo Brazil Email Pedro Christoffoleti Web   : Web Site Link MARLUCE CORTEZ Weed Scientist University Of South Brazil Crop Science Department 2788 Waterpointe Cr Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo Brazil Email Marluce Cortez Web   : Web Site Link GERSON GELMINI Weed Scientist University Of South Brazil Crop Science Department 945 Marion Street Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo Brazil Email Gerson Gelmini Web   : Web Site Link MARIA NOVO Weed Scientist University Of South Brazil Crop Science Department Department of Crop& Soil Sciences 115 Coastal Way, PO Box 748 Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo Brazil Email Maria Novo Web   : Web Site Link RICARDO VICTÓRIA Weed Scientist University Of South Brazil Crop Science Department Dept of Plant Sciences Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo Brazil Email Ricardo Victória Web   : Web Site Link RIBAS VIDAL Professor Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Plant Sciences Rod. Carlos João Strass Acesso Orlando, Cx Postal 231, Porto Alegre, CEP 91001-970, RS Brazil Email Ribas Vidal Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Brazil have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Marcio Adoryan, Pedro Christoffoleti, Marluce Cortez, Gerson Gelmini, Maria Novo, Ricardo Victória, and Ribas Vidal for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Alexandergrass Globally (Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea)) Herbicide Resistant Alexandergrass Globally (Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea)) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Alexandergrass Globally (Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea)) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Brazil Brazil   1997 Soybean butroxydim, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim 5 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A) 34 Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea) Alexandergrass 498

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Voll, E. ; Gazziero, D. L. P. ; Brighenti, A. M. ; Adegas, F. S. ; Gaudêncio, C. de A. ; Voll, C. E.. 2008. Weed plants: the seed bank and the sustainability of the technology of soyabean cropping. Documentos - Embrapa Soja : .

Knowledge of weed seed banks is an important factor in soyabean cropping and weed management in Brazil. This document discusses various aspects of the importance of the seed bank. The first part of the document discusses the biological cycle of the seed bank and interactions between the weed species, environmental factors (climate and soil) and competition with the crop, and crop and soil management in relation to the weed seed bank. The major weed species of soyabeans in the seed bank are Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Commelina sp., Brachiaria plantaginea [Urochloa plantaginea], Digitaria spp., and Cardiospermum halicacabum. The next part of the document looks at factors in the emergence of weeds, including the weed species, the sowing date of the crop, the use of herbicides, the effect of vegetative cover, the effect of soil fertility. The last part of the document discusses the weed seed bank in relation to its effects on competition with the crop/crop cultivar, weed herbicide resistance, the effect of using genetically modified soyabeans, integrated management systems, organic farming, and preharvest desiccation of soyabeans with herbicides (in extreme situations only)..

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