International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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Status of Herbicide Resistance in Canada - Hugh Beckie : January, 2014

Western Canada (prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) and Eastern Canada (primarily southwestern Ontario and Quebec) account for 88 and 12% of principal field annual crop area, respectively. Based on the proportion of total field area at prairie sites infested with herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds, it is estimated that 7.7 million ha (29% of annually cropped land in the prairies) are infested with HR weeds (eight-fold increase from 2001 to 2003), in a total field area of 9.9 million ha (37% of annually cropped land in the prairies) – over a two-fold increase. Group A/1 and/or B/2 wild oat (Avena fatua L.) are by far the most abundant and economically-damaging HR biotypes across the prairies. Numerous populations of Group B/2 wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) across the prairies are also adversely impacting pulse crop (e.g., peas, lentils) production and quality. Glyphosate plus Group B/2 kochia (Kochia scoparia) is increasing rapidly across southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, primarily selected in chem-fallow or cereal-based cropped fields. In Eastern Canada (southwestern Canada), populations of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) are steadily increasing (selected primarily in glyphosate-resistant corn or soybean), as are multiple-resistant populations of these species (glyphosate + Group B/2).
Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Canada
Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Canada
Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Canada
State  
Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Canada
 #SpeciesCommon NameFirst YearSite of Action

State: Alberta
  1 Stellaria mediaCommon ChickweedCanadaAlberta19887 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		481
  2 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaAlberta19897 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		65
  3 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaAlberta19897 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
Cell elongation inhibitors (Z/8)
 		66
  4 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaAlberta19897 Microtubule inhibitors (K1/3)
 		5071
  5 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaAlberta19917 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		67
  6 Sinapis arvensisWild MustardCanadaAlberta19937 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5036
  7 Galium spuriumFalse CleaversCanadaAlberta19967 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		508
  8 Sonchus asperSpiny SowthistleCanadaAlberta19967 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		1153
  9 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaAlberta19967 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		5039
  10 Galeopsis tetrahitCommon HempnettleCanadaAlberta19987 Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		1154
  11 Neslia paniculataBall MustardCanadaAlberta19987 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		1155
  12 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaAlberta19987 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5075
  13 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaAlberta19987 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
 		5076
  14 Thlaspi arvenseField PennycressCanadaAlberta20017 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5097
  15 Galeopsis tetrahitCommon HempnettleCanadaAlberta20067 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5320
  16 Polygonum convolvulus (=Fallopia convolvulus)Wild BuckwheatCanadaAlberta20077 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5379
  17 Salsola tragusRussian-thistleCanadaAlberta20077 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		7831
  18 Lolium persicumPersian DarnelCanadaAlberta20097 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		7832
  19 Crepis tectorumNarrowleaf HawksbeardCanadaAlberta20117 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5606
  20 Capsella bursa-pastorisShepherd's-purseCanadaAlberta20117 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5623
  21 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaAlberta20127 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		5592
  22 Vaccaria hispanicaCowcockleCanadaAlberta20127 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5616
  23 Polygonum lapathifoliumPale SmartweedCanadaAlberta20147 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		11002
  24 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaAlberta20177 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		17147

State: British Columbia
  25 Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthosSpotted knapweedCanadaBritish Columbia20137 Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		15061

State: Manitoba
  26 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaManitoba19887 Microtubule inhibitors (K1/3)
 		52
  27 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaManitoba19887 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		57
  28 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaManitoba19907 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		50
  29 Sinapis arvensisWild MustardCanadaManitoba19907 Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		55
  30 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaManitoba19917 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		53
  31 Sinapis arvensisWild MustardCanadaManitoba19927 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		54
  32 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaManitoba19927 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
Microtubule inhibitors (K1/3)
 		5037
  33 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaManitoba19947 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Antimicrotubule mitotic disrupter (Z/25)
 		51
  34 Sinapis arvensisWild MustardCanadaManitoba19947 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		56
  35 Galeopsis tetrahitCommon HempnettleCanadaManitoba19957 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		476
  36 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaManitoba19977 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5077
  37 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaManitoba19977 Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
 		5078
  38 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaManitoba19977 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
Antimicrotubule mitotic disrupter (Z/25)
 		5079
  39 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaManitoba20027 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5221
  40 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaManitoba20027 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5222
  41 Thlaspi arvenseField PennycressCanadaManitoba20087 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5624
  42 Galium spuriumFalse CleaversCanadaManitoba20087 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5629
  43 Stellaria mediaCommon ChickweedCanadaManitoba20087 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5630
  44 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaManitoba20087 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5631
  45 Polygonum lapathifoliumPale SmartweedCanadaManitoba20097 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5625
  46 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaManitoba20147 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		9942
  47 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaManitoba20157 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
PPO inhibitors (E/14)
Long chain fatty acid inhibitors (K3/15)
Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
 		11033

State: Nova Scotia
  48 Rumex acetosellaSheep SorrelCanadaNova Scotia20117 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		17122

State: Ontario
  49 Daucus carotaWild CarrotCanadaOntario19577 Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		307
  50 Chenopodium albumCommon LambsquartersCanadaOntario19737 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		58
  51 Ambrosia artemisiifoliaCommon RagweedCanadaOntario19767 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		59
  52 Chenopodium album var. striatum (=C. strictum var. glaucophyllum)Lateflowering GoosefootCanadaOntario19767 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		60
  53 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaOntario19777 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		1158
  54 Senecio vulgarisCommon GroundselCanadaOntario19777 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		5066
  55 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaOntario19807 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		61
  56 Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galliBarnyardgrassCanadaOntario19817 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		62
  57 Panicum capillareWitchgrassCanadaOntario19817 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		63
  58 Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)Yellow FoxtailCanadaOntario19817 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		64
  59 Sinapis arvensisWild MustardCanadaOntario19837 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		5065
  60 Conyza canadensisHorseweedCanadaOntario19937 PSI Electron Diverter (D/22)
 		48
  61 Lepidium virginicumVirginia PepperweedCanadaOntario19937 PSI Electron Diverter (D/22)
 		49
  62 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaOntario19987 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		1159
  63 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaOntario19987 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		1161
  64 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaOntario19987 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		5049
  65 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaOntario19997 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
PSII inhibitor (Ureas and amides) (C2/7)
 		5048
  66 Solanum ptycanthumEastern Black NightshadeCanadaOntario20007 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5211
  67 Ambrosia artemisiifoliaCommon RagweedCanadaOntario20007 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5471
  68 Chenopodium albumCommon LambsquartersCanadaOntario20017 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5123
  69 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaOntario20017 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5124
  70 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaOntario20017 PSII inhibitor (Ureas and amides) (C2/7)
 		5125
  71 Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall WaterhempCanadaOntario20027 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		5212
  72 Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall WaterhempCanadaOntario20027 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5213
  73 Setaria faberiGiant FoxtailCanadaOntario20037 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5210
  74 Amaranthus hybridus (syn: quitensis)Smooth PigweedCanadaOntario20047 PSII inhibitors (Nitriles) (C3/6)
 		5472
  75 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaOntario20057 PSII inhibitors (Nitriles) (C3/6)
 		5473
  76 Ambrosia trifidaGiant RagweedCanadaOntario20087 EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		5483
  77 Solanum ptycanthumEastern Black NightshadeCanadaOntario20097 PSI Electron Diverter (D/22)
 		5493
  78 Conyza canadensisHorseweedCanadaOntario20107 EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		5665
  79 Conyza canadensisHorseweedCanadaOntario20117 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		5666
  80 Digitaria sanguinalisLarge CrabgrassCanadaOntario20117 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		5678
  81 Ambrosia trifidaGiant RagweedCanadaOntario20117 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		7833
  82 Ambrosia artemisiifoliaCommon RagweedCanadaOntario20127 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		5713
  83 Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall WaterhempCanadaOntario20147 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		9940
  84 Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall WaterhempCanadaOntario20177 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
PPO inhibitors (E/14)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		17140
  85 Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall WaterhempCanadaOntario20177 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		17141
  86 Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall WaterhempCanadaOntario20177 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		17142

State: Quebec
  87 Brassica rapa (=B. campestris)Birdsrape MustardCanadaQuebec19777 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		433
  88 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaQuebec19807 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		17126
  89 Chenopodium albumCommon LambsquartersCanadaQuebec19807 Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
 		17132
  90 Ambrosia artemisiifoliaCommon RagweedCanadaQuebec19997 PSII inhibitor (Ureas and amides) (C2/7)
 		5064
  91 Ambrosia artemisiifoliaCommon RagweedCanadaQuebec19997 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
PSII inhibitor (Ureas and amides) (C2/7)
 		17128
  92 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaQuebec20017 PSII inhibitor (Ureas and amides) (C2/7)
 		5126
  93 Ambrosia artemisiifoliaCommon RagweedCanadaQuebec20077 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		17127
  94 Chenopodium albumCommon LambsquartersCanadaQuebec20087 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		17131
  95 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaQuebec20097 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		17125
  96 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaQuebec20127 PSII inhibitor (Ureas and amides) (C2/7)
 		17123
  97 Amaranthus powelliiPowell AmaranthCanadaQuebec20127 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		17124
  98 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaQuebec20127 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		17129
  99 Brassica rapa (=B. campestris)Birdsrape MustardCanadaQuebec20177 EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		17130

State: Saskatchewan
  100 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaSaskatchewan19887 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5069
  101 Salsola tragusRussian-thistleCanadaSaskatchewan19897 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5067
  102 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaSaskatchewan19907 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		5041
  103 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaSaskatchewan19917 Microtubule inhibitors (K1/3)
 		5040
  104 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaSaskatchewan19967 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		5038
  105 Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailCanadaSaskatchewan19967 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
Microtubule inhibitors (K1/3)
 		5070
  106 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaSaskatchewan19967 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5072
  107 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaSaskatchewan19967 Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
 		5073
  108 Avena fatuaWild OatCanadaSaskatchewan19967 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Lipid Inhibitors (N/8)
 		5074
  109 Sinapis arvensisWild MustardCanadaSaskatchewan20027 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5243
  110 Lolium persicumPersian DarnelCanadaSaskatchewan20047 ACCase inhibitors (A/1)
 		5244
  111 Stellaria mediaCommon ChickweedCanadaSaskatchewan20057 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5322
  112 Galium spuriumFalse CleaversCanadaSaskatchewan20067 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5321
  113 Capsella bursa-pastorisShepherd's-purseCanadaSaskatchewan20087 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5381
  114 Thlaspi arvenseField PennycressCanadaSaskatchewan20097 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5626
  115 Chenopodium albumCommon LambsquartersCanadaSaskatchewan20097 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5627
  116 Amaranthus retroflexusRedroot PigweedCanadaSaskatchewan20107 ALS inhibitors (B/2)
 		5628
  117 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaSaskatchewan20127 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
EPSP synthase inhibitors (G/9)
 		7834
  118 Kochia scopariaKochiaCanadaSaskatchewan20157 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Synthetic Auxins (O/4)
 		11032
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